Errors During Meiosis

 

The Stages of Meiosis

 

The Stages of Mitosis

 Topics discussed: The Stages of Mitosis and the Ramifications of cells growing out of control.

 The Stages of Mitosis.  (Click on the image to enlarge.)

Unit Unit : Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Genetics

 Chapter 8.

Welcome to Genetics!!

We will start the unit by studying Cellular Reproduction.  The unit has a lot of new vocabulary words that are not used elsewhere.  Do not wait, rather start studying the vocabulary words daily.

Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission):

Sexual Reproduction:

Photosynthesis Analogy and Videos

 Hard Hat Analogy of the light reactions

Video Links below: 

The Worlds Smallest Factory

Photosynthesis by Amoeba Sisters

Photosynthesis Lab on January 12, 2022

 The lab will be recorded as a test grade.

Photosynthesis

The posted dated January7 - January 10th was intended for the Regular Biology class.

Read through the Chapter from the introduction to section 7.8 on page 116..

The pages for the Packet and the PowerPoint for the chapter are posted in Google Classroom,

 The above image was taken from Campbell Biology, Concepts 7 Connection. 9th Edition.

Photosynthesis.

The Pages for the Photosynthesis Packets have been posted in Google Classroom

The following sections have been covered 

1) The Introduction

2) Sections 7.1 through 7.3.

The vocabulary words have been posted under the vocabulary tab.

A copy of the PowerPoint Slides for Photosynthesis is available in Google Classroom.

 Log into to Google classroom to view the slides.

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food.

You will take notes from the PowerPoint

Sex Education Unit Test

 The test was taken on January 5, 2022.

Sex Education Unit

Some of the Vitamins and Minerals Needed for Cellular Respiration

 You will list the vitamins, state the source, the functions and the deficiency symptoms.

The vitamins and minerals to be examined are those that are directly related to the cellular respiration:
Vitamin B1 - Thiamine
Vitamin B 2 - Riboflavin
Vitamin B3  - Niacin
Vitamin B6
Pantothenic acid
Chromium
Iron

Link to the Cellular Respiration song

 Cellular Respiration song to Black Eyed Peas " I Gotta a Feeling"

Three Day Dietary Log and Total Energy Needs.

Calorimetric Lab

 

Happy Thanksgiving to you and your family

The Stages of Cellular Respiration

 Stage 1: Glycolysis

Grooming Phase happens when pyruvate itself does not enter the citric acid cycle. A carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and given off as a molecule of CO2. The two carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD is reduced to NADH ; and a compound called coenzyme A , derived from a B vitamin, joins with the two carbon group to form a molecule called acetyl coenzyme A.
For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, two molecules of pyruvate are produced. These are oxidized, and then two molecules of acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.

Stage 2: 

The Krebs Cycle also known as the Citric Acid Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

Stage 3: The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

The Mitochondrion

Draw and label the picture. It will help with understanding the process.

Permeability Lab

 

Tonicity: Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic Solutions.

The importance of tonicity and the tragic real life scenario mentioned in class:

Woman Dies After Water Contest. 

Court Settlement after water poisoning death

Below is a video link with the details of what happens during Water Poisoning.  It is based on the real  case of the "Hold Your Wee for a Wii" story.  This video explains in details what happens inside the body. It also explains how the condition can be treated.

Hold Your Wee for a WII

WATER INTOXICATION, ALSO KNOWN AS WATER POISONING, OVERHYDRATION, OR WATER TOXEMIA IS A POTENTIALLY FATAL DISTURBANCE IN BRAIN FUNCTIONS THAT RESULTS WHEN THE NORMAL BALANCE OF ELECTROLYTES IN THE BODY IS PUSHED OUTSIDE SAFE LIMITS BY EXCESSIVE WATER INTAKE.  

Endurance sports

Marathon runners are susceptible to water intoxication if they drink too much while running. This is caused when sodium levels drop below 135 μmol/L when athletes consume large amounts of fluid. This has been noted to be the result of the encouragement of excessive fluid replacement by various guidelines. This has largely been identified in marathon runners as a dilutional hyponatremia.^[5] A study conducted on participants of the 2002 Boston Marathon found that thirteen percent finished the race with hyponatremia. The study concluded that the strongest predictor of hyponatremia ( low sodium levels in the blood) was weight gain while racing (over-hydration), and hyponatremia was just as likely to occur in runners who chose sports drinks as those who chose water.^[5] Medical personnel at marathon events are trained to suspect water intoxication immediately when runners collapse or show signs of confusion.

The information above explaining water intoxication was copied from Wikipedia.

Enzyme Activity Lab

 You will work in groups of 4 to examine the effects of temperature on enzymes.  The enzyme used will be catalase, which is present in most cells and found in high concentrations in liver and blood cells. You will examine the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by the enzyme.

Catalase promotes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the following reaction: